Showing posts with label Norway. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Norway. Show all posts

Wednesday, 28 May 2025

The Flatåsen cave dwellings, Brønnøysund

We had a reasonable amount of time ashore at Brønnøysund and so decided to take a short walk to visit one of the only archaeological sites of our trip – the cave dwellings at Flatåsen. Set in a wooded area it also gave us the opportunity to do some natural history exploration as well, and we managed a small but quality bird list, and some wildflowers under our belt.



Cow Parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris)

Geranium sp.

Epilobium sp.

Bush Vetch (Vicia Cf sepium)







Herb Paris (Paris quadrifolia)

Colt's-foot (Tussilago farfara)

Finding any literature on this archaeological site, has been difficult to be honest. There is a free and downloadable research paper available at Research Gate that discusses the finds / artefacts and context of both cave dwellings and rock shelters in Norway’s Roman and Migration period, but unless I am mistaken the Flatåsen cave dwellings are not mentioned in the text?

It makes for interesting reading but is beyond my current level of concentration to make any meaningful distilment of the text, such is its complexity.

Excuses aside, the information here is gleaned directly from the interpretation board at the site and this is only available due to the wonders of Google Translation. Having photographed and then copied and pasted the original Norwegian text into the online translation.

A summary of the Google Translation is as follows: the three cave dwellings at Flatåsen are dated to 500 BC - 500 AD and they record the first signs of human activity in Brønnøysund. Excavations between 1925 - 1926 produced many artefacts from hearths to a wide range of food remains including fish, fowl, animals (both wild and domesticated), shellfish and snails. Bone tools were also found to be typical of the period.

The small woodlands which also included a frisbee golf course provided the following:

Bird List:

Magpie (Pica pica)
Hooded Crow (Corvus cornix)
Wood Pigeon (Columba palumbus)
Great Tit (Parus major)
Coal Tit (Periparus ater)
Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus)
Willow Tit (Poecile montanus)
Blackbird (Turdus merula)
Robin (Erithacus rubecula)
Fieldfare (Turdus pilaris)
Redwing (Turdus iliacus)
Common Redstart (Phoenicurus phoenicurus)
Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca)
Common Redpoll (Acanthis flammea)
Song Thrush (Turdus philmelos)
Willow Warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus)
Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita)
Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs)

Early Purple Orchid (Orchis mascula)

Sunday, 25 May 2025

Steilneset Memorial, Vardø

When we read “The Witches of Vardø” by Anya Bergman in September 2023, neither of us would have thought for a moment that we might end up visiting the island itself. Nor imagine that we would see the Steilneset Memorial to those “witches” executed by fire or dying from the stress of their torture during the Finnmark witch trials which ran throughout the greater part of the 17th Century.

The book’s fictional account of one dark episode in this period made for truly grim, terrifying, and at times uplifting reading: with courage, sisterhood and love countering the overwhelming oppression, psychopathy, violence, and misogyny of the accusers and their deluded lackeys.

In the early part of 2025 – our May holiday plans were finalised, and we looked forward to a cruise “that’s not a cruise!” on the Havila Capella one of the mail boats sailing the Bergen – Kirkenes – Bergen route. We were heading for the Midnattssol.

We boarded Havila Capella on the 19th of May in Bergen – departing north shortly afterwards.
Havila Capella, coming into moorings Bergen


Crossing into the Arctic Circle Ca. 07:48 on the 22nd we almost missed the moment on deck – because our server was struggling to open the bottle of Champagne, we were sharing with our breakfast companions to toast the event. Our glasses charged we rushed onto deck, just as we drew level with the Arctic Circle Globe situated on Vikingen Island. It was a close thing.
sweater by Dale of Norway

Shortly afterwards, we and our fellow travellers received an invitation to attend the rear deck, to witness and participate in an Arctic Circle hazing. A large barrel of ice stood alone. A server was handing out complimentary glasses of a local spirit.

First the competition winner who had come closest to predicting the exact time of crossing the Arctic Circle, rewarded with the Norwegian Flag which flew at the point of crossing, time stamped and signed by the Captain of the Havila Capella. It was a stunning prize, and one which I missed out, on by around eighteen seconds.

Then as one we invoked Njǫrd, the Norse god of the sea and wind, three times, before a mystical figure appeared in fake beard and fancy pirate costume. He blew his ram’s horn as the ship’s horn sounded.


Willing travellers then had a ladle of ice from the barrel, poured down the back of their neck, finally two crew members also crossing the Arctic Circle for the first time had between them the entire barrel lifted and poured over their heads. We spoke to one of them much later in the day who confessed he only had one pair of shoes on board, and they remained waterlogged from the fun.
in an Arctic Haze


We enjoyed our first Midnattssol at 00:00 23rd May.
Midnattssol: May 24th 00.01

And then onward, arriving in Kirkenes this morning having passed Vardø in the night. It is Sunday and we had time to disembark and explore, following signs to the sentrum we discovered it closed, as were the air-raid shelters which offered historic tours.

A monument to the Russian liberation of Finnmark stands atop the small hill under which lies the air raid shelter, wreaths lay at its feet. Road-side a small van painted with the colours of the Ukrainian flag, and the slogans “Stop War, Stop Putin” acted as a thought-provoking reminder of the privilege and peace we enjoyed, against the realities of another country’s sufferings.


Arriving at Vardø we only had around 40 minutes ashore. Reliably informed that the Steilneset Memorial was a brisk 15-minute walk across the island, we and our newfound Australian friends legged it through the town, ignoring Vardøhus Fortress the seat of the trials and torture – as we passed.

Our breathes finally caught at the sight of the memorial, and we slowed down to take in as much of the ambience and symbolism of the site as we could, within the limited time that we had.

No time to read of and acknowledge the individual dead, 91 of whom were sentenced to death in fire at the stake - as a result of accusations of witchcraft levelled against them – to which many of them subsequently confessed under torture and duress, or by the cruel and unjust testing of the water ordeal.



Karen Olsdatter 

Karen Olsdatter "confessed to" and convicted of practice of witchcraft 8th April 1663. Sentenced to death in fire at the stake.

Birgitte Olufsdatter "confessed to" and convicted of practice of witchcraft 8th April 1663.Sentenced to death in fire at the stake.
Vardøhus Fortress
the current building, dated to the later period of 1738



Returning to the harbour, the laughing cries of the Black-legged Kittiwake colony, helped to lift our subdued spirits.


See also:

Anya Bergman (2023) The Witches of Vardo Manilla Press (UK) Bloomsbury London

Norwegian Public Roads Administration, National Tourist Routes, Veranger Museum IKS (Undated) Steilneset Memorial to the Witches burned in Finnmark Guidebook translated by Katjana Edwardsen

Insight Guides (Undated) Norway 

Friday, 8 February 2019

.. the long voyage to Vikingskipshuset, Oslo ..

light show detail, Vikingskipshuset Oslo


"I see a dark sail on the horizon
Set under a black cloud that hides the sun.
Bring me my broadsword and clear understanding.
Bring me my cross of gold as a talisman.."

from Broadsword by Jethro Tull

light show detail, Vikingskipshuset Oslo


"The hardy Norseman's house of yore
Was on the foaming wave!
And there he gathered bright renown,
The bravest of the brave.
Oh! ne'er should we forget our sires,
Wherever we may be;
They bravely won a gallant name,
And rul'd the stormy sea.

What tho our pow'r be weaker now
Than it was wont to be,
When boldly forth our fathers sail'd,
And conquer'd Normandie!
We still may sing their deeds of fame,
In thrilling harmony;
For they did win a gallant name
And rul'd the stormy sea."

The Hardy Norseman, Norse Traditional

The seeds of our journey to Oslo, were planted in London in 2014 - when we attended the exhibition Vikings: Life and Legend at The British Museum. The preserved hull of the Roskilde 6 skeid being the finale of the show, along with a personal highlight of seeing the Lewis Chessman.

Travelling to Shetland in May 2016 we encountered more Viking artefacts and archaeology in situ. - amongst others at the mind-blowing Jarlshof Museum on Mainland; and the Viking longhouse at Hamar, Unst.

En route to the latter site, we inadvertently flushed a common crane (Grus grus) from Ca. 20m away - it had been hidden in a small fold of the slope, and probably feeding which had reduced its presence even further in such a bare landscape. Needless to say it gave crippling views as it circled to gain height before heading east then south over the coastline.

(Rems.) 9th Century Viking long house, Jarlshof - May 2016


(Rems.) Viking longhouse, Hamar, Unst - May 2016

At Haroldswick, Unst we visited the Unst Boat Haven - a very lovely and laid back museum - which charts the history of Shetland boats including the clinker built styles of the Ness Yoal, and the Shetland Sixareen - the latter a small fishing boat whose origins are thought to date to the 9th Century viking period (citing Unst Boat Haven interpretation panel).



exhibits at Unst Boat Haven - May 2016

The Viking Unst Project located just a short stroll away from the boat museum, comprises a reconstructed Viking longhouse - itself based on the excavation of the nearby Hamar longhouse.

It's an impressive building and displays some fine workmanship in the woodworking - although at the time of the visit we didn't realise that the timber frame joints were cut in such a way that they did not require nails as part of the construction.



Viking Unst Project - replica longhouse - May 2016

Alongside the longhouse is a stunning exhibit - the Skipbaldner - a full size modern replica of the Gokstad ship - the original being a viking ship burial excavated in 1880 by Nicolay Nicolayson - and which sits as one of the star attractions in the Vikingskipshuset, Oslo.

The Skipbaldner was built and sailed from Norway to Shetland on an ill-fated and fore-shortened voyage, which according to local gossip - ended due to either sickness or a falling out amongst the crew Or perhaps both?

Accepting the open invitation to explore the boat we climbed aboard and spent a happy time in the company of this fine ship.



the Skipbaldner - Haraldswick, Unst - May 2016

It was some two years after the Shetland adventure, and our dear friends M & A were abroad in Oslo. Knowing our interest in this period of European history, they were kind enough to send us some evocative photos of the Oseberg ship which dominates the B gallery at the Vikingskipshuset.

Oseberg ship detail, Vikingskipshuset (courtesy M & A - Sept 2018) 

By the time we met up with M & A over dinner, we had already decided to prioritise a trip to Oslo, to visit the museum. A pleasant evening was spent listening to both their travel tales as well as quizzing them on logistics to help us plan our own trip.

So the following February we find ourselves standing in the snow, outside the Vikingskipshuset - waiting for it to open, in excited anticipation. A few other tourist couples arrived and we exchanged greetings, and waited together, in an disorderly unqueue.

Vikingskipshuset, Feb 2019

As the museum doors opened - there was a mutual acknowledgement for us to enter first. It is a generous act, as it meant that we two alone got to spend some private time, albeit brief, with the Oseberg ship - before other visitors began to fill the gallery.





alone with the Oseberg ship, Feb 2019 

The Oseberg ship was part of a rich and elaborate burial for two, clearly important women, whose bodies were interred upon a bed within it - the burial dating to 840AD. A detailed and informative description of the burial is located here on the University of Oslo website at:

University of Oslo: Museum of Cultural History - The Oseberg Ship


the Gokstad ship, Feb 2019

The Gokstad ship felt a little more familiar to us - due to our Shetland experience. However, it did nothing to lessen the awe felt at seeing the original boat in its full splendour. Note that unlike the Oseberg ship - the Gokstad has two additional strakes above the oar-holes - the museum interpretation noting that this indicated that the boat had probably been a working sea-going vessel prior to its burial along with the inhumed Norse man - for whom it honoured.

University of Oslo: Museum of Cultural History - The Gokstad Grave

Song lyrics

Ian Scott Anderson (1982) Broadsword from the album Broadsword and the Beast by Jethro Tull, Available at: any good music store!

Norse Traditional (19th Century) The Hardy Norseman song lyrics & historical details can be found ONLINE at: Odin's Gift, Norse Mythology and Asatru Poetry and Music, Available at: Odin's Gift, The Hardy Norseman Accessed 6th February 2020

References

Fojut, N., (1993) A Guide to Prehistoric and Viking Shetland Shetland Times Press ltd., Lerwick, Shetland

Historic Scotland (2011) Jarlshof Official Souvenir Guide Historic Scotland

Shetland Amenity Trust (2020) [Online] Viking Unst Available at: Shetland Amenity Trust, Viking Unst Accessed 25th January 2020

Sjovold, T., (2016) The Viking Ships in Oslo Universitetets Oldsaksamling, Oslo (1985)

The British Museum (2014) Eds: Williams, G., Pentz, P. & Wemhoff, M., Vikings life and legend The British Museum Press, London

Turner, V., (1998) Ancient Shetland B.T. Batsford Ltd / Historic Scotland, London